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SDB由多个组件共同组成的，在启动SDB时，需要注意一下各组件的启动顺序。
1 启动Sharding
启动SDB包含以下步骤：
1)启用目录数据库和监听
2)启动GSM(Shard directors)
3)启动分片的数据库、监听、代理
4)启动全局服务(global service)
5)通过Service连接sharing
1.1.启动目录数据库和监听：
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Mon Oct 15 11:39:04 CST 2018 on pts/0
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 11:41:35 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1660943808 bytes
Fixed Size 8658368 bytes
Variable Size 1056964608 bytes
Database Buffers 587202560 bytes
Redo Buffers 8118272 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> !lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2018 11:42:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/shardcatalog/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 15-OCT-2018 11:42:08
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/shardcatalog/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
1.2. 启动GSM(Shard directors)
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ gdsctl
GDSCTL: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 11:47:54 CST 2018
Copyright (c) 2011, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to GDSCTL, type "help" for information.
Current GSM is set to SHARDDIRECTOR
GDSCTL> connect sdbadmin/oracle
Catalog connection is established
GDSCTL> start gsm
GSM is started successfully
GDSCTL> status gsm
Alias SHARDDIRECTOR
Version 18.0.0.0.0
Start Date 15-OCT-2018 11:48:05
Trace Level off
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/shardcatalog/sharddirector/alert/log.xml
Listener Trace File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/shardcatalog/sharddirector/trace/ora_4024_139695696046976.trc
Endpoint summary (ADDRESS=(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1571)(PROTOCOL=tcp))
GSMOCI Version 2.2.1
Mastership Y
Connected to GDS catalog Y
Process Id 4026
Number of reconnections 0
Pending tasks. Total 0
Tasks in process. Total 0
Regional Mastership TRUE
Total messages published 0
Time Zone +08:00
Orphaned Buddy Regions:
None
GDS region region1
1.3. 启动分片的数据库、监听、代理
可以通过config shard目录查看到当前Sharding环境中分片的信息：
GDSCTL> config shard
Name Shard Group Status State Region Availability
---- ----------- ------ ----- ------ ------------
sh164 primary_grp Ok Deployed region1 ONLINE
sh165 primary_grp Ok Deployed region1 ONLINE
sh166 primary_grp Ok Deployed region1 ONLINE
在Sharding部署的时候，每次添加删除，分片数据库的实例名都会发生变化，所以如果没有修改对应环境变量时，这里必须先指定ORACLE_SID，然后再进行操作。
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=sh164
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 11:50:38 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1660943808 bytes
Fixed Size 8658368 bytes
Variable Size 1056964608 bytes
Database Buffers 587202560 bytes
Redo Buffers 8118272 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> !lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2018 11:51:20
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/shard1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=shard1)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 15-OCT-2018 11:51:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/shard1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=shard1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
SQL> !schagent -start
Scheduler agent started using port 14565
SQL> !schagent -status
Agent running with PID 4060
Agent_version:18.1.0.0
Running_time:00:00:07
Total_jobs_run:0
Running_jobs:0
Platform:Linux
ORACLE_HOME:/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE:/u01/app/oracle
Port:14565
Host:shard1
至此分片以上的操作已经完成，如果有多个分片，在每个分片上重复该操作即可。
1.4. 启动全局服务
检查service状态：
GDSCTL> status service
Service "oltp_rw_servcie.cust_sdb.oradbcloud" has 3 instance(s). Affinity: ANYWHERE
Instance "cust_sdb%1", name: "sh164", db: "sh164", region: "region1", status: ready.
Instance "cust_sdb%11", name: "sh165", db: "sh165", region: "region1", status: ready.
Instance "cust_sdb%21", name: "sh166", db: "sh166", region: "region1", status: ready.
GDSCTL> config service
Name Network name Pool Started Preferred all
---- ------------ ---- ------- -------------
oltp_rw_servci oltp_rw_servcie.cust_sdb.orad cust_sdb Yes Yes
e bcloud
如果没有启用使用start service启动：
GDSCTL> start service -service oltp_rw_service
1.5. 通过Service连接sharding
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ sqlplus shard/oracle@sharding
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 23:02:27 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Mon Oct 15 2018 22:00:52 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> col name for a20
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
_cloud_name string oradbcloud
_dbpool_name string cust_sdb
_gwm_db_unique_name string sh164
_region_name string region1
_shardgroup_name string primary_grp
_shardspace_name string shardspaceora
cdb_cluster_name string
cell_offloadgroup_name string
db_file_name_convert string *, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/SH164/datafile/
db_name string sh164
db_unique_name string sh164
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string sh164
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
pdb_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
service_names string sh164
2 关闭Sharding
关闭顺序和打开顺序相反:
1)关闭连接池和客户端
2)关闭全局服务
3)关闭分片的数据库和监听
4)关闭GSM
5)关闭目录数据库和监听
2.1.关闭服务：
GDSCTL> config service
Name Network name Pool Started Preferred all
---- ------------ ---- ------- -------------
oltp_rw_servci oltp_rw_servcie.cust_sdb.orad cust_sdb Yes Yes
e bcloud
GDSCTL> stop service -gdspool cust_sdb -service oltp_rw_servcie
The operation completed successfully
2.2.在每个分片关闭数据库、监听、代理
在每个分片上执行，这里我们演示shard1上的操作：
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2018 23:35:39
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ schagent -stop
Agent running with PID 16249
Done stopping all running jobs
Terminating agent gracefully
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ ps -ef|grep smon
oracle 3720 1 0 11:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_sh164
oracle 16369 10144 0 23:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=sh164
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 23:37:51 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
2.3. 关闭GSM
GDSCTL> config gsm
Name Region ENDPOINT
---- ------ --------
sharddire region1 (ADDRESS=(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1571)(PROTOCOL=tcp))
ctor
GDSCTL> stop gsm -gsm sharddirector
GSM is stopped successfully
GDSCTL> config gsm
Name Region ENDPOINT
---- ------ --------
sharddire region1 (ADDRESS=(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1571)(PROTOCOL=tcp))
ctor
GDSCTL> config gsm -gsm sharddirector
Name: sharddirector
Endpoint 1: (ADDRESS=(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1571)(PROTOCOL=tcp))
Local ONS port: 6123
Remote ONS port: 6234
ORACLE_HOME path: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/gsm
GSM Host name: shardcatalog
Region: region1
Buddy
------------------------
GDSCTL> status gsm
GSM-45075: No response from GSM
4. 关闭目录数据库和监听
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2018 23:42:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=shardcatalog)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 15 23:42:36 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
3 GSM 的启停说明
本章开始的时候提到，Oracle Sharding 的GSM是客户端和SDB之间的监听，维护SDB环境中的拓扑图(记录了所有分片和它们之间的关系)，然后会根据客户端请求传递过来的分片键，将连接路由到相应的分片上进行查询。其本质上就是一个监听程序，默认的端口是1522.
GSM 的状态可以通过gdsctl工具查看，也可以通过lsnrctl来查看：
GDSCTL> status gsm
Alias SHARDDIRECTOR
Version 18.0.0.0.0
Start Date 21-OCT-2018 14:11:48
Trace Level off
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/sdb/sharddirector/alert/log.xml
Listener Trace File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/sdb/sharddirector/trace/ora_986_139632118659968.trc
Endpoint summary (ADDRESS=(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)(PROTOCOL=TCP))
GSMOCI Version 2.2.1
Mastership Y
Connected to GDS catalog Y
Process Id 1019
Number of reconnections 0
Pending tasks. Total 0
Tasks in process. Total 0
Regional Mastership TRUE
Total messages published 7
Time Zone +08:00
Orphaned Buddy Regions:
None
GDS region region1
GDSCTL>
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl status sharddirector
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 14:12:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)(PROTOCOL=tcp))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias SHARDDIRECTOR
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 21-OCT-2018 14:11:50
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1/network/admin/gsm.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/sdb/sharddirector/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "shardcat", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "_MONITOR" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "SHARDDIRECTOR", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "_PINGER" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "SHARDDIRECTOR", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oltp_rw_servcie.cust_sdb.oradbcloud" has 3 instance(s).
Instance "cust_sdb%1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "cust_sdb%11", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "cust_sdb%21", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$
关闭GSM 可以使用2种方法：
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl stop sharddirector
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 14:20:14
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)(PROTOCOL=tcp))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud)))
The command completed successfully
或者使用gdsctl工具：
GDSCTL> stop gsm
GSM is stopped successfully
GDSCTL>
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl status sharddirector
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 14:16:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)(PROTOCOL=tcp))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$
但启动GSM 只能通过gdsctl来操作，如果使用lsnrctl则报错：
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl start sharddirector
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 14:18:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sdb/sharddirector/alert/log.xml
TNS-01151: Missing listener name, sharddirector, in LISTENER.ORA
Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...
GDSCTL> start gsm
GSM is started successfully
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ lsnrctl status sharddirector
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 14:18:44
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)(PROTOCOL=tcp))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias SHARDDIRECTOR
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 21-OCT-2018 14:18:17
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 26 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1/network/admin/gsm.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/sdb/sharddirector/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sdb)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "GDS$CATALOG.oradbcloud" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "shardcat", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "_MONITOR" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "SHARDDIRECTOR", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "_PINGER" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "SHARDDIRECTOR", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oltp_rw_servcie.cust_sdb.oradbcloud" has 3 instance(s).
Instance "cust_sdb%1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "cust_sdb%11", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "cust_sdb%21", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$
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