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在Oracle 19c中，RMAN 连接PDB时可能会出现ORA-01017的错误，如下：
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ rman target '"dave/dave@dave as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 17 16:33:29 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04005: error from target database:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
该dave用户通过sqlplus 连接pdb 是正常的：
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ sqlplus dave/dave@dave
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 17 16:33:17 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Fri Feb 05 2021 23:57:46 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.10.0.0.0
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.10.0.0.0
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$
这里实际上是缺少SYSBACKUP的权限。 RMAN备份在12cR1 之前备份用户需要授权SYSDBA， 没有较好的职责安全分享方案，在12C R1版本中引入了SYSBACKUP允许用户使用RMAN或SQLPLUS 备份恢复，但无权查看业务数据和其它越权操作。如备份登录方式是：
rman target '" / as sysbackup"'
这里使用sys用户给dave 用户增加sysbackup权限：
[dave@www.cndba.cn ~]$ sqlplus sys/dave@www.cndba.cn as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 17 16:34:51 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.10.0.0.0
SQL> grant sysbackup to dave;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
再次连接正常：注意这里连接的提示格式是CDB:PDB：CNDBA:DAVE (DBID=3516530670)
[dave@www.cndba.cn admin]$ rman target '"dave/dave@dave as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 17 16:35:07 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CNDBA:DAVE (DBID=3516530670)
RMAN>
如果是从11g 升级到的12c+版本，那么还需要重建口令文件，增加FORMAT=12参数。
如：
orapwd FILE=filename ENTRIES=max_users FORMAT=12
具体说明参考：
12c: RMAN Remote Connection from Backup User Raises ORA-1017 (Doc ID 1997947.1)
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