[英语基础语法5] 动词过去式,过去分词变化 -- 中国DBA社区

先解释以下过去式和过去分词的区别，虽然他们看起来一样：

过去式表示的是时态：如过去时，完成时。

过去分词表示的是语态：即主动和被动。

1. 规则动词变化表

规则变化	原形动词结尾情况	现在时单三人称	现在分词	过去式和过去分词
	一般情况	+s	*+ing*	*+ed*
	*s,x,ch,sh,o*结尾	*+es*	*+ing*	*+ed*
	辅音字母+y结尾	y→i,+es	*+ing*	y→i,+ed
	重读闭音节一元一辅结尾	+s	双写辅音字母,+*ing*	双写辅音字母,*+ed*
	不发音的e结尾	+s	去掉*e,+ing*	+d
	ie结尾	+s	ie→y,+ing	+d
不规则变化		*have→has；be→is***	(无)	(见不规则动词变化表)

注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。

②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[z]后读[iz].

③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].

2. be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

一般现在时	一般将来时	现在完成时
*I am….* You are.… *He/She/It is….* *We/You/They are….*	(I等各人称) *will be…. I am* *He/She/It is going to be* *We/You/They are*	*I have been….* *You have been….* *She/he/It has been….* *We/You/They have been….*
一般过去时	过去将来时	过去完成时
*I was….* *You were.…* *He/She/It was….* *We/You/They were….*	(I等各人称) *would be…. I was He/She/It was going to b* *We/You/They were*	*I had been….* *You had been….* *She/he/It had been….* *We/You/They had been….*

注意：句型变化时,

否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t

(am后面not不可以缩写)；

疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：

现在时态	一般现在时	现在进行时	一般将来时	现在完成时
谓语动词构成	动词用原形(单三加*s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does*)	am is +动词-*ing* *are*	*will* + 动词原形 am *is +going to+动词原形 are*	*have* +过去分词 *has*
过去时态	一般过去时	过去进行时	过去将来时	过去完成时
谓语动词构成	动词用过去式 (问句和否定句借用助词*did*)	*was* +动词-*ing* *were*	*would* + 动词原形 http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/dave/article/1680 *was* *+going to+动词原形 were*	*had* +过去分词

3. 不规则动词变化表

( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) ( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)

*首先必会*			A	A	A
*be(am,is)*	*was*	*been*	*let*	*let*	*let*
*be(are)*	*were*	*been*	*set*	*set*	*set*
*see*	*saw*	*seen*	*hit*	*hit*	*hit*
*does*	*did*	*done*	*put*	*put*	*put*
do	*did*	*done*	*cut*	*cut*	*cut*
go	*went*	*gone*	*shut*	*shut*	*shut*
*has*	*had*	*had*	*cost*	*cost*	*cost*
*have*	*had*	*had*	*hurt*	*hurt*	*hurt*
*make*	*made*	*made*	*read*	*read*	*read*
*小规律记忆*			*hear*	*heard*	*heard*
A	B	A
*run*	*ran*	*run*	A	B	B
*come*	*came*	*come*	*drink*	*drank*	*drunk*
*become*	*became*	*become*	*swim*	*swam*	*swum*
*eat*	*ate*	*eaten*
*give*	*gave*	*given*	*drive*	*drove*	*driven*
			*write*	*wrote*	*written*
A	B	B
*find*	*found*	*found*	*lend*	*lent*	*lent*
*fight*	*fought*	*fought*	*send*	*sent*	*sent*
*hold*	*held*	*held*	*spend*	*spent*	*spent*
*tell*	*told*	*told*
*sell*	*sold*	*sold*	*build*	*built*	*built*
*stand*	*stood*	*stood*	*spill*	*spilt*	*spilt*
*understand*	*understood*	*understood*	*spoil*	*spoilt*	*spoilt*
*dig*	*dug*	*dug*	*smell*	*smelt*	*smelt*
*shine*	*shone*	*shone*	*leave*	*left*	*left*
*win*	*won*	*won*	*sleep*	*slept*	*slept*
*get*	*got*	*got* http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/dave/article/1680	*keep*	*kept*	*kept*
*forget*	*forgot*	*forgot/forgotten*	*feel*	*felt*	*felt*
*buy*	*bought*	*bought*	*sweep*	*swept*	*swept*
*bring*	*brought*	*brought*	*meet*	*met*	*met*
*think*	*thought*	*thought*	*mean*	*meant*	*meant*
			*say*	*said*	*said*
*catch*	*caught*	*caught*	*lay*	*laid*	*laid*
*teach*	*taught*	*taught*	*pay*	*paid*	*paid*
			*shall*	*should*
*ring*	*rang*	*rung*	*must*	*must*
*begin*	*began*	*begun*	*may*	*might*
*drink*	*drank*	*drunk*	*can*	*could*
*swim*	*swam*	*swum*	*will*	*would*

( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)

A		B	C http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/dave/article/1680
*ride*		*rode*	*ridden*
*rise*		*rose*	*risen*
*hide*		*hid*	*hidden*
*show*		*showed*	*shown*
*know*		*knew*	*known*
*grow*		*grew*	*grown*
*throw*		*threw*	*thrown*
*blow*		*blew*	*blown*
*fly*		*flew*	*flown*
*fall*		*fell* http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/dave/article/1680	*fallen*

*wear*		*wore*	*worn*
*break*		*broke*	*broken*
*beat*		*beat*	*beaten*
*speak*		*spoke*	*spoken*
*freeze*		*froze*	*frozen*
*draw*		*drew*	*drawn*
*take*	*took*		*taken*
*mistake*	*mistook*		*mistaken*
*lie*	*lay*		*lain*

A		BB	BB
*sink*		*sank/sunk*	*sunk/sunken*
*wake*		*woke/waked*	*woken/waked*
*learn*		*learnt/learned*	*learnt/learned*
*hang*		*hung/hanged*	*hung/hanged*
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[英语基础语法5] 动词过去式,过去分词变化

1. 规则动词变化表

2. be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

I was

3. 不规则动词变化表

dave

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