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在之前的博客中我们已经了解了11g中通过命令行的方式手工安装软件，创建监听，已经创建实例，如下：
Oracle 11g 静默安装软件 创建监听 手册
https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/1604Oracle 11g 单实例 中手工建库 示例
http://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/209Linux 7.4 平台下 Oracle 19.3 单实例安装手册
https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3427
其实通过图形GUI部署是最省事的，但还是在一些情况下，无法直接调用图形界面，比如通过堡垒机连接或者一些云上的环境，所以本篇记录下19.3 静默部署的操作过程。
1 准备工作
1.1 系统准备工作
1.1.1 配置本地yum源
[root@dave yum.repos.d]# cat cndba.repo
[www.cndba.cn]
name=CNDBA.CN YUM Server
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
1.1.2 挂载镜像
[root@dave yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@dave yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: www.cndba.cn
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
[root@dave yum.repos.d]#
1.1.3 配置/etc/hosts
[root@dave ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.51 cndba
1.1.4 安装操作系统必备的软件包
yum install binutils gcc gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel ksh libgcc.i686 libstdc++-devel libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat compat-libcap1 -y
RedHat7.*的镜像文件中没有compat-libstdc包，需要手动安装
[root@dave software]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7 ################################# [100%]
1.1.5 配置Linux的系统参数
1)配置Linux的内核参数
[root@dave ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
用root用户执行sysctl -p 使修改生效。
[root@cndba ~]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
2)设置 Oracle 用户的 Shell 限制
[root@dave ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock unlimited
oracle hard memlock unlimited
3)设置PAM
在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加以下行：
[root@dave ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
4)关闭防火墙/SELINUX
关闭防火墙
[root@dave ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@dave ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
关闭SELINUX
[root@dave ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@dave ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
1.2 创建用户和组
[root@dave ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@dave ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@dave ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@dave ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@dave software]# passwd oracle
验证Oracle安装所有者是否将Oracle Inventory组作为其主要组：
[oracle@cndba ~]$ id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper)
1.3 创建目录
[root@dave ~]# mkdir -p /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@dave ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03
[root@dave ~]# chmod -R 775 /u03/
1.4 设置环境变量
切换到oracle用户下执行vim .bash_profile编辑.bash_profile文件添加以下内容：
[oracle@cndba ~]$ vim .bash_profile
ORACLE_SID=cndba;export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=cndba;export ORACLE_UNQNAME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME
ORACLE_BASE=/u03/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
#NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
使设置的环境变量生效
[oracle@cndba ~]$ source .bash_profile
2 安装DB 软件
2.1 解压文件
从Oracle 18c开始，数据库软件直接采用解压缩的方式进行，需要直接解压缩到$ORACLE_HOME目录下。
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$ pwd
/u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$ ll
total 2988000
-rw-r--r--. 1 ora19c oinstall 3059705302 Jul 1 23:12 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
2.2 编辑db_install.rsp响应文件
静默安装需要响应文件，默认在$ORACLE_HOME/install/response目录下：
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response
[dave@cndba.cn response]$ ls
db_install.rsp
[dave@cndba.cn response]$
这个是模板文件，里面内容比较多，我们这里创建一个简单点的：
[dave@cndba.cn response]$ mv db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak
[dave@cndba.cn response]$ touch db_install.rsp
[dave@cndba.cn response]$ cat db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u03/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u03/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
[dave@cndba.cn response]$
2.3 安装DB 软件
[dave@cndba.cn response]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -responseFile /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_install.rsp
……
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Execute /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh on the following nodes:
[ora11g]
Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
[dave@cndba.cn dbhome_1]$
执行root.sh 脚本：
[root@ora11g dbhome_1]# ssh /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
3 创建监听
图形界面是用netca，我们这里还是直接静默。
3.1 查看响应文件
监听的响应文件模板在/u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca目录下，里面的内容不需要修改，可以直接使用。
[dave@cndba.cn netca]$ grep -v '^#' netca.rsp |grep -v '^$'
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
[dave@cndba.cn netca]$
3.2 创建监听
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 01-JUL-2025 23:57:57
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora11g)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 01-JUL-2025 23:57:37
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u03/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora11g)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$
4 创建CDB实例
4.1 创建响应文件
相关的工具响应文件模板都在$ORACLE_HOME/assistants 目录下：
[dave@cndba.cn assistants]$ pwd
/u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants
[dave@cndba.cn assistants]$ cd dbca
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ ll
total 28
-rw-r-----. 1 ora19c oinstall 25502 Apr 6 2019 dbca.rsp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 242 Apr 17 2019 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 41 Apr 17 2019 jlib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 171 Apr 17 2019 templates
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$
需要填写的内容较多：
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ mv dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.bak
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ ll
total 28
-rw-r-----. 1 ora19c oinstall 25502 Apr 6 2019 dbca.rsp.bak
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 242 Apr 17 2019 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 41 Apr 17 2019 jlib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ora19c oinstall 171 Apr 17 2019 templates
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ touch dbca.rsp
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ vim dbca.rsp
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ cat dbca.rsp
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
gdbName=cndba
sid=cndba
createAsContainerDatabase=TRUE
numberOfPDBs=1
pdbName=dave
pdbAdminPassword=oracle
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/u03/app/oracle/oradata
recoveryAreaDestination=/u03/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
storageType=FS
characterSet=AL32UTF8
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
sampleSchema=true
totalMemory=2048
databaseType=OLTP
emConfiguration=NONE
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$
我们这里创建包含一个PDB的CDB。
4.2 创建实例
[dave@cndba.cn dbca]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u03/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
……
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
53% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/u03/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cndba.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:cndba
System Identifier(SID):cndba
Look at the log file "/u03/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cndba/cndba.log" for further details.
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$
[dave@cndba.cn ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 2 00:45:37 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 DAVE READ WRITE NO
SQL>
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