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使用read-only，可以让整个mysqld实例处于只读的状态，但是要注意的是，对于拥有SUPER权限的超级用户来说，read-only是无法做限制的。因此对外，我们只能提供普通用户的权限。
read-only可以用于主从同步的从库上，可以很方便的实现从库的安全性。
设置的方法很简单，有两种方法：
1）vi /etc/my.cnf
在my.cnf的[mysqld]下输入read-only=1，然后重启服务；
mysql> show variables like 'read_only';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only | ON |
+---------------+-------+
2）在线修改全局参数read_only
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to 'test'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
用普通用户验证数据是否可以修改
[root@cndba ~]# mysql -utest -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> insert into test values(1,2);
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --read-only option so it cannot execute this statement
普通用户提示不可以修改数据
用supper用户验证数据是否可以修改
[root@cndba ~]# mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> insert test values('9','ff');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)
具有super权限的用户可以修改数据，说明此参数对具有super权限的用户无效。
如果想super权限用户也不能修改数据则在线修改全局参数super_read_only
[root@cndba ~]# mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SET GLOBAL super_read_only=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> insert into test values(9,'11');
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --super-read-only option so it cannot execute this statement
修改super_read_only参数具有super权限的用户也无法修改表数据
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