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Oracle 12c 新特性 --- Backing Up CDBs and PDBs

2017-08-03 00:32 1803 0 原创 Oracle 12c
作者： leo
本文链接：http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

概念

A CDB consists of zero or more PDBs. Recovery Manager (RMAN) can backup the entire CDB and single or multiple PDBs to a consistent point-in-time. In addition, individual tablespaces or data files can be backed up from specific PDBs.

一个CDB由零个或多个PDBs组成。恢复管理器(RMAN)可以将整个CDB和单个或多个PDBs备份到一个一致的时间点。此外，可以从特定的PDBs备份个人的表空间或数据文件。 http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

New syntax, PLUGGABLE DATABASE, is introduced to support individual pluggable database backup and recovery. http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045
http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

新的语法，可插入的数据库，被引入来支持个人可插入数据库的备份和恢复。 http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

CDB users need backup and recovery facilities for the new pluggable database model.

CDB用户需要为新的可插入数据库模型提供备份和恢复功能。

http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

实验http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045http://www.cndba.cn/cndba/leo1990/article/2045

1)备份CDB  
RMAN的连接使用OS身份验证。这意味着您将使用“AS SYSDBA”特权连接到CDB中的根容器。
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 17:17:33 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=211273844)

或者 sys 用户连接
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys$pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:14:17 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=211273844)
上述备份命令的输出部分如下所示。注意，备份中包含了与CBD(cdb1)和所有PDBs(pdb1、pdb2、pdb $ seed)相关的数据文件。
RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=59 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/04satk1p_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T171745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/05satk6l_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T171745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/06satk90_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T171745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/07satkb1_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T171745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17
2）备份 Root Container 
Root Container的备份是CDB的备份，不包括任何PDBs。
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/c-211273844-20170802-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 17:30:12 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=211273844)

RMAN> backup database root;
下面的命令输出中只备份CDB,PDBs (pdb1, pdb2, pdb$seed) 都没有备份
Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=61 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/09satkpq_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T173034 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/c-211273844-20170802-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17
3）备份PDB 
--有两种备份PDB数据库的方法。当连接到RMAN作为根容器时，您可以使用以下命令备份一个或多个PDBs。
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 17:42:48 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=211273844)

RMAN> backup pluggable database PDBCNDBA,PDBCNDBA2;
可以看到多个PDB 的数据文件
Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=70 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0bsatlhb_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T174307 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:06
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0csatljd_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T174307 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/c-211273844-20170802-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17

连接到特定的PDB使用以下命令
sys 用户连接pdb
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys@pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:21:23 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA:PDBCNDBA (DBID=2565515280)

或者拥有sysdba 权限的用户test连接pdb
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target test@pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:22:19 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA:PDBCNDBA (DBID=2565515280)

RMAN> backup database;
只备份当前连接的PDB的数据文件 
Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=61 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0fsau5rd_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T222133 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17
4) 备份PDB表空间和数据文件 
同一个CDB中的多个PDBs可以拥有一个具有相同名称的表空间，例如系统、SYSAUX和用户。消除这种歧义的一种方法是连接到适当的PDB。当RMAN连接到PDB时，与以前的版本相比，表空间备份命令是不变的。
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys@pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:36:59 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA:PDBCNDBA (DBID=2565515280)

RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE system, sysaux, users;

Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=61 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0hsau6op_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T223713 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17

RMAN> exit

或者，您可以通过在连接到根容器时将PDB名称与表空间名称进行限定，从而消除歧义。
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys@cndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:38:07 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=211273844)

RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE pdbcndba:system, pdbcndba:sysaux, pdbcndba:users, pdbcndba2:system;

Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0isau6s4_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T223900 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba2/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0jsau6t8_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T223900 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/c-211273844-20170802-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-17


数据文件具有唯一的文件编号和完全限定的名称，因此它们可以从根容器或单个PDB备份。
$ rman target=/
或者
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys@pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:48:29 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA:PDBCNDBA (DBID=2565515280)

RMAN> backup datafile 9,10;

Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=69 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/0lsau7ee_1_1 tag=TAG20170802T224846 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 02-AUG-17
如果您正在连接到PDB，那么只有属于PDB的文件才能备份。例如，当连接为PDBCNDBA时，如果尝试从根容器中备份系统数据文件，就会出现错误。 
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target sys@pdbcndba

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 2 22:41:09 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

target database Password: 
connected to target database: CNDBA:PDBCNDBA (DBID=2565515280)


RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 1;

Starting backup at 02-AUG-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 08/02/2017 22:43:25
RMAN-20201: datafile not found in the recovery catalog
RMAN-06010: error while looking up datafile: 1

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。

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